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| c. 90,000 years ago |
| | Fossilized bones found in the caves of Skhul and Qafzeh, in modern Israel, are of anatomically modern humans | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | Jericho, often quoted as the first town, grows into a settlement covering ten acres | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | Sun-dried bricks are used in the construction of buildings in Jericho | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | The tower at Jericho is the world's earliest surviving fortification | |
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| 3761 BC |
| | Later selected by Hebrew scholars as the date when the world began, this becomes the first year (AM 1) in Jewish chronology | |
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| c. 2600 BC |
| | The Canaanites establish themselves in the region around what is now Jerusalem | |
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| 1469 BC |
| | The Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III defeats his enemies at Megiddo, in history's first fully described battle and siege | |
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| c. 1200 BC |
| | The Philistines settle in the region which, as Palestine, will become known by their name | |
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| c. 1050 BC |
| | Samson is one of many Hebrew chieftains fighting the Philistines for possession of Canaan | |
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| c. 1020 BC |
| | Saul, anointed king of Israel by Samuel, establishes himself at Gibeah, just north of Jerusalem | |
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